Skip to Site Navigation Whooping cough: New concerns about an old disease, Mental Health; You expose the baby to the sun and it will disappear. Front Nutr. JA designed the study, participated in data collection and analysis, and prepared the draft of the manuscript; EA and PBA provided scientific advice on the design of the study and data analysis. And it all starts with effective patient-doctor communication. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). Dallas, TX 75390, 2023 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Whooping cough: New concerns about an old disease, Why the skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa complicates pregnancy, Alphabet soup! We used focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) for this study. For many families, the birth of a baby is something that is awaited and celebrated. Unfortunately, herbal remedies which are regarded to promote healthy delivery have been found to lead to severe bleeding that can be fatal according to a study in Bangladesh (Choudhury & Ahmed, Citation2011). If your proposed name is rejected by the Standesamt, the office of vital statistics, you have to submit another one, and pay a fee each time. Participants mentioned some local herbs that are either ingested or used as enema in preparation towards childbirth. 1995 Jan-Feb;26(1):22-32. Epub 2013 Jul 8. However, babies born at such places may miss out on immunisations given immediately after birth like BCG and OPV. After the birth, mom and baby are carefully shielded from sunlight, even inside the house, where a canopy is hung over the bed. Would you like email updates of new search results? Careers. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.By subscribing, you can help us get the story right. In all the interviews, participants were of the view that a baby had to be confined until the official outdooring and naming was done. Purposive sampling was used to select focus group discussion participants (13) among community members, pregnant women whose gestation was at least 6months, and women with babies less than 6 months of age. Members of Nuaulu tribe of Indonesia for example, are noted to have a high perception towards practice of pregnancy in seclusion. In other words, it acknowledges the social origins of much of human thought and action (what individuals learn by being part of a society), whereas the cognitive portion recognises the influential contribution of thought processes to human motivation, attitudes, and action (Bandura, Citation1999). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Regarding cord care, it emerged from the study that it was a common practice to dress the cord of the baby and smear it with shea butter. The study concludes that socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. Like Latin Americas cuarentena, mothers here are nurtured with a similar custom called la dieta. In rural areas, a father gives his wife a shirt thats damp with his sweat after a hard days work while shes in labor, which folklore says will give her strength. Required documents will depend on your resident status, but typically you will need to submit the following documents. Beyond that, medical institutions are chosen based on word-of-mouth, reputation, proximity to home, and so on. The codebook defined the various codes used during coding, their definition, when to use and when not to use such a code and examples of statements that should be considered for coding into particular codes. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the most common traditional practices in Asia relating to pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Since the 1930s, new moms in Finland have received the ultimate care package from the state, filled with baby necessities like clothes, diapers, bedding, bibs and a first aid kit, all in a cardboard box that can do double duty as a crib. We conducted a literature search of articles: a) focusing on Asia; b) relating to pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum, c) relating to traditional beliefs and/or cultural practices; and 4) published in English in the year 2000 or more recently. Queries were also run in NVivo to quantify some of the qualitative data and the results exported and added to the qualitative data in the results. That notwithstanding, participants also agreed that generally, there was the need for one to space the children. The rural areas have a total population of 36,990 representing 53.5% of the population of the District relative to 46.5% residing in urban localities (GSS, Citation2010). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613817302012?via%3Dihub#! Providing the individual transcripts will breech the confidentiality and anonymity requirement during ethical approval. However, some aspects of Japanese prenatal care may leave foreign women bemused, bewildered or even belligerent. USC leans into addressing health inequalities with the hire of global health and human rights leader Jonathan Cohen. However, the unanimous position was that sex activity could start at least 40 days after delivery. This is because some women choose to give birth at hospitals different to their regular check-up place because, for example, they want to travel back to their hometown to give birth so that they can be closer to their parents. For example, doctors who are not fluent in a patients primary language should enlist the help of an interpreter. To address this problem, they indicated that during bathing for the babies, they apply warm compresses on the fontanelle and genitalia of female babies. Our patients represent a broad spectrum of ethnicities and walks of life, as well as a tapestry of beliefs and customs that help shape their values. It is because of this that some women prefer to come to our facility (TBA, IDI). All told, you should expect the checkups to cost about 100,000 ($736) in total (after the discount vouchers). The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC: 006/11/17). Like any country, expecting mothers should have hospital bag prepared as their due date approaches. Socio-cultural practices generally have been reported to affect child survival (Adatara et al., Citation2019; Wright et al., Citation2014). Your Pregnancy Matters, Next Article Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. In several cases, the lack of knowledge of the underlying physiology of pregnancy also contributes to cultural definitions of pregnancy-related symptoms, and thus leads to inaction (Evans, Citation2013). General hospitals and university hospitals are favoured by some because they have the facilities and medical staff on hand to deal with any complications that might arise during childbirth. While taxis are everywhere in Tokyo, you dont want to be frantically running up and down the road in the middle of the night trying to hail one while your partner is back home in pain. The common causes of neonatal mortality include complications of prematurity, infections, and adverse intrapartum events including birth asphyxia and over 60% of the deaths are associated with low birth weight (Debes et al., Citation2013). Following that, line-by-line reading of all transcripts within the NVivo 11 software and relevant portions of statements made by respondents coded unto existing and new nodes. Stud Fam Plann. 2016 Aug;39:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.005. Cultural competency starts with effective communication, listening, and respect. During the interviews, detailed descriptive field-notes were written. This study was conducted to document the beliefs and practices along the prenatal, antenatal, through the peripartum period among women in Southern Ghana. It is for that reason that a participant indicated the choice for people to utilise the TBA outlets. Any variations in views were discussed and resolved by the translators. Instead the immigration bureau will accept a certificate or receipt from your embassy showing that you have applied for one. Cultural beliefs can influence women's use of formal maternal health care services. These herbs make the birth process go smooth without complication. Instead of being showered with gifts when baby is born, its the opposite in Brazilwhen guests come to see mother and child in the hospital, she gives them a basket of presents instead. Raman S, Nicholls R, Ritchie J, Razee H, Shafiee S. Midwifery. Narrative study design allows research participants to share their knowledge on a particular study topic (Bowling, Citation2014). This is illustrated in the following quote: Some of us live in places where you will have to cross a river before you go the clinic for them to assess you and the baby but because we pregnant women are not supposed to cross the river, we do not go (Elderly woman, IDI). This was especially so for women who lived at places where they had to cross a river to the nearest health facility for ANC. The fear of losing pregnancy as a result of bewitchment made pregnant women resort to the practice of confinement, which has implication for the early initiation of antenatal care. It is one of the reasons why people do not go for antenatal in this community (Elderly woman, FGD). Food restrictions were also reported during pregnancy. Socio-cultural beliefs in communities often lead to the adoption of certain practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants, Both FGDs and IDIs showed that it was inappropriate to announce a pregnancy until it becomes visible. In the Jamaican culture, expectant women rely on their devout religious beliefs to see them through their nine-month ordeal. Training of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and providing them with disposable delivery kits was the focus of a study carried out in Pakistan where the intervention arm of the study recorded less maternal deaths than the control arm, and a 30% decrease in neonatal mortality (Jokhio et al., Citation2005). Omiyamairi describes a prominent Japanese ritual that involves taking babies to the nearest Shinto shrines. There is therefore the need for healthcare providers to highlight these socio-cultural practices during health education and also design interventions targeted at reaching those who may be confined at home. The following illustrate these points. 2016 Jul 28;16(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0991-z. During this period, the baby is not allowed to either be seen or touched by people who are outside the nuclear family. Additionally, you may have costs relating to prescriptions for symptoms during pregnancy (e.g. This means more clothes, more personal items (e.g. In effect, notes taken during the interviews covered; interactions between the interviewer and interviewees, non-verbal communication, environment, and reflections from interview content. For example, I recall a patient who was in labor with a premature baby. For example, the belief was that women developed internal wounds after delivery. Stay on top of health care news. As a form of treatment for the wounds, herbs extracted from the bark of a tree nu bena was given to the women to enhance healing of the internal wound. So we give the woman the herbs to drink to help in the healing of the wound. 3099067 Further, what the medical institutions can and cannot offer in terms of medical services also differs. I tried to practice exclusive breastfeeding but at a point in time the weather was too hot and as adult we sweat and feel thirty. Pregnancy and childbirth may be a universal experience, but each culture celebrates babys arrival in its own way. With your current subscription plan you can comment on stories. Additionally, twentytwo (22) IDIs were conducted among key people in the community such as community health officers, midwives, opinion leaders, traditional birth attendants, and traditional medical practitioners. The major ethnic groups/cultures identified are Akan but minority ethnic groups include Fantis, Ewes, Gas, Moshies, Sissalas, Nzemas, Dagombas and Kussasis and Mamprushies. Date:November 11, 2017 Objective: By recognizing and appreciating common local beliefs, providers can be better positioned to provide culturally competent care. Studies in Ghana and Nigeria have documented that pregnant women in these countries saw pedal oedema as a sign that a male child or twins will be born, and were not able to make the connection between the oedema and high blood pressure (Okafor et al., Citation2014; Senah, Citation2003). During this celebration, some mothers burn the placenta to symbolize the physical separation of mother and child. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. While Japanese people represent a significant and growing cultural group within the United States, little is known about the culture-specific needs of Japanese women who experience pregnancy and childbirth in this country. During labour, we also give it the delivery is delaying. A participant shared her experience with the quote: When I gave birth, my baby was not well but we managed the condition at home I was afraid sending the baby to the hospital would expose her to witches in the community (Woman with child under five). The participants included community members, pregnant women, and women with children under five years. Some were also of the view that sex restrictions could make ones partner engage in extra marital affairs. As directed by Maynard and Purvis (Citation1994), participants listening to tapes after interviews is an important step in qualitative data analysis even though it is frequently overlooked. Sorry, Blue Ivy and Apple, but your names wouldnt fly in Germany. Further, it was revealed that socio-cultural practices such as not crossing rivers and confinement made some women not show up for ANC. However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and . Different cultures have different values, beliefs and practices. Many women who come to Australia have a pragmatic attitude to traditional Check out these fascinating, time-honored traditions from every corner of the globe. The topic guides were initially designed in English and translated to the local language using a back-to-back strategy. They use uncooked cocoyam and they make a hole in it and they put water and salt in the hole theyve made, they put the water on the cord and within three days it will come off (Woman with child under five, FGD). Parents dress the babies up in detailed kimonos. Of these, half gave birth within the past three years. Hospitals and clinics sometimes have certain rules and conditions by which families must abide. Fourth, the cultural factor?principally the beliefs surrounding conception, miscarriage or delivery and maternal health in connection with the role of the midwife (see Rubel, et. Here are some pregnancy beliefs and customs from different parts of the world. The CS is because of lack of sex during pregnancy (Woman with child under five year, FGD). In Bangladesh, an earlier study reported that confinement of the mother and baby was observed until noai ceremony on day 7 or 9 to protect the baby against any evil (Winch et al., Citation2005). Japanese doctors won't warn you against the consumption of raw fish. 2023 Jan 9;9:942331. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942331. This goal is particularly integral in efforts to design better preventive health care strategies for pregnant and postpartum women from multiple cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Women may stop working six weeks before. These maternity vouchers are included as part of a maternity pack expecting mothers will receive from the local city office which also includes the Maternity and Children Health Handbook (, boshi-kenk-tech). For example, some clinics are female only and do not allow males to accompany their partners; some will not deliver the baby if the mother has not been attending that clinic or hospital for regular checkups since early in their pregnancy. Pregnancy, child birth, and care are cherished moments in most communities in Ghana. As a result of this belief neonatal conditions had to managed at home because attendance to the hospital during that period was believed to create the opportunity for the baby to be bewitched. So, to respect the patients wishes and properly care for her baby, we partitioned the room with screens the male doctor could be present without invading the patients privacy. For me I have a small baby so I protect myself using the injectable so that I dont get pregnant (Woman with children under five, FGD). There are two reasons for this. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify these beliefs and practices and how they affect maternal and child health care services. For the girl, I vomit a lot but a boy I dont, its only my soles that swell (Woman with child under five, FGD). This could be due to a conflict with your ad-blocking or security software. Maternity homes (, josan-sho) are clinics that specialize only in delivery. Between 1st and 2nd birth a) If pregnancy wastage occurred abortion 27.5 30.9 stillbirth 33.0 b) If no pregnancy . This practice was believed to contribute to making the head round as illustrated with the quotes: We prepare both hot and cold water for the bathing of the baby and then we use shea butter to massage their whole body and then we use cool water to massage their heads (Elderly woman, FGD). Objective Pregnancy and child birth is the most critical period in the health of women and children and the objective of this study was to explore traditional practices among mothers during . If you're not sure how to activate it, please refer to this site. 2023 Jan 16;15(2):472. doi: 10.3390/nu15020472. The qualitative data were audio-taped using a digital voice recorder. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Conclusion: This study concluded that the cultural beliefs held by these women greatly affected their decision to deliver at home. Generally, field-notes are reported to provide deeper reflection and understanding of experiences in the field (Bowling, Citation2014). More than 130 women whose youngest child is under the age of 15 participated in an online survey for this article. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 13(1), 15-26. In their study in Bangladesh, it was found that 37% of the neonatal deaths occurred within 24hours, 76% within 03days, 84% within 07days, and the remaining 16% within 828days (Chowdhury et al., Citation2010). In Ghana, data provided by Ghana Health Service at a maternal, child health and nutrition conference in 2021 showed a total number of 875 maternal deaths in 2018 and 838 in 2019. However, majority of them reported that they do not adhere to this practice due to several reasons. Consequently, when women are pregnant and the size of the uterus appears bigger in comparison with the number of months of pregnancy, then it meant that a male child was expected. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. So, my baby also started feeling thirsty and will be crying uncontrollably. 2. Obviously, this extra level of care and service comes at a cost, and private hospitals and clinics can be considerably more expensive than general or university hospitals. Download The AppDaily pregnancy & newborn updates with our FREE app. While some participants mentioned their use of modern contraceptive methods, others preferred the natural family planning methods as illustrated with the quotes below: What I see is if the man wants to sleep with you and you dont use any medicine you can easily give birth even if you have a small baby already. We get it from five months of pregnancy (Postnatal woman, FGD). These beliefs lead to practices during and along pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods. And while crying babies arent exactly encouraged stateside, its the opposite in Japan, where crying contests, nakizumo, are held to see which baby cries first. During this period, friends visit and eat the celebratory red rice and red bean dish osekihan. Seen as divine beings descended from heaven, their feet cant touch the ground for 210 days. The following quotes illustrate these positions: before my first delivery they told me not to eat ripe plantain because when you take it you will feel like you are in labour when the time is not even due we shouldnt eat eggs else our babies will become thieves and they said if you eat snails saliva will drool from your babys mouth, I did all this things but my baby didnt drool saliva from the mouth (Woman with child under five, FGD). The various codes were analyzed into themes based on the codes to reflect the content of the data collected alongside the writing memos on specific relevant areas. The Japanese believe that babies who cry loud and often are healthier and will grow much faster. (Citation2008) to play an important role during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period and care of neonates. Further, they cannot perform more complicated deliveries such as a Caesarean section. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) released acommittee opinionurging doctors to recognize that their approach to patients behaviors and beliefs can negatively affect patient communications. (Citation2007), memoing involves putting down initial ideas, issues, observation and patterns that can be connected, compared or contrasted while doing the coding. The country has a high and rising proportion of underweight babies, defined as 2.5kg or less at birth. Your subscription plan doesn't allow commenting. ), but these should be covered under your general health insurance. Maternal and infant mortality rates are among the lowest in the world, making Japan one of the safest places to have a baby. Published By: Midwifery Pregnancy providers should be open-minded and get to know their patients situations and preferences without making assumptions. The following quote buttresses this assertion by participants: I put towel in hot water and put it the babys fontanelle then I use the hot water to douche the babys navel, private part and buttocks. Also off limits: names that can negatively affect babys well-being (for example, Apple). Many Asian women continue to practice a wide range of traditional beliefs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Hence, there is a need for health care managers to facilitate collaborative practices between the skilled birth attendants and traditional birth attendants. You should then apply for a Birth Notification Certificate of Acceptance (, shusshtodoke-juri-shmeisho) at the local city office which, because a Family Register is not created for foreign nationals, is often used as an official Birth Certificate. Este recurso integral recin actualizado ofrece pautas de expertos y mejores prcticas para la gama completa de . That also means most women won't even consider an epidural, even if their doctor recommends it. After delivery, they go for some herbs to prepare Abedru so that the breast milk will come (Woman with baby under five years, FGD). While pregnancy and childbirth is a universal experience, having a baby in another culture can be full of surprises. We take fufu, banku and rice but we expect our babies to be eating breastmilk that is not fair. Select your child's age in months to begin tracking their development. If individuals have a sense of personal agency or self-efficacy, they can change behaviours even when faced with obstacles. Most Japanese women aim to deliver their baby sans painkillers, an ancient belief that stems from the Buddhist belief that labor pains must be endured as a test to prepare for the difficulties of motherhood. This will cost about 5,000-10,000, and include a urine test and an ultrasound (depending on the number of weeks). When they finally do, it symbolizes their crossing over to our earthly realm. Each group consisted of between 8 and 10 individuals and the participants sat in a horse-shoe fashion with the moderator and rapporteur sitting in the middle. Another reason cited for delivery at TBA is the use of herbs which is believed to be effective and facilitate the labour. You need to submit an application for child benefit payments (, nintei-seikysho) within 15 days from the day after birth. In Japanese, this is called bunben-yoyaku (). As mentioned above, women spend on average six days in hospital for childbirth in Japan. The growing recognition of the critical importance of providing care to mothers and newborns and the substantial coverage gaps have prompted a paradigm shift in responding to maternal and newborn health issues. Copyright 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. They understandably want to examine you in person beforehand. Postpartum care is called omugwo, a key component of which is babys first bath, given to him by his grandmother (or, if shes unavailable, an aunt or close friend). Other practices that place mothers at risk of disability or death include applying fundal pressure to hasten the labour process, forced vomiting to initiate the placenta expulsion, use of herbal concoctions for treating maternal complications and childbirth in an isolated or unsanitary environment (Fofie & Baffoe, Citation2010; Maimbolwa et al., Citation2003). To celebrate the new baby and get milk flowing, mothers drink a traditional beverage called lohusa serbeti (postpartum sherbet). This will often go away so we do not seek medical attention for it (Elderly woman, FGD). Omiyamairis generally take place when boys and girls are 31 and 33 days old, respectively, although some geographic variations exist. The spoon means a girl, the knife a boy and the fork means the gender is undetermined. So, you have to keep the baby in the room until outdooring where they would have performed the rituals to protect the baby (Pregnant woman). I put hot water compresses on the fontanelle because it is soft and so when I do that it helps to make it strong and also close the gap in the fontanelle. Find a Location, Appointment If your child will stay in Japan longer than 60 days and you hold a resident status other than Permanent Resident (, tokubestu-eijken), you need to make anApplication for Certificate of Eligibility (, zairy-shikaku-shutoku-kyoka-shinsei) at the Japanese Immigration within 30 days of birth. These beliefs lead to the adoption of certain practices, most of which have negative effects on mother and baby. 1999.