The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. [247] James Willard Schultz ("Apikuni") from Browning is most noted for his prolific stories about Blackfeet life and his contributions to the naming of prominent features in Glacier National Park.[248]. Additionally, more than 10,000 invertebrate species are present, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. [292], As of 2010, Missoula is the 166th largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research, while Billings is 170th, Great Falls is 190th, the Butte/Bozeman area 191st, and Helena is 206th. Of Montana's House delegates, Jeannette Rankin was the first woman to hold national office in the United States when she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1916. Historically, Republicans are strongest in the east, while Democrats are strongest in the west. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. [300][301] Montana's other major airports include Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. [199] The state's Native American population grew by 27.9% between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose 1.6%),[199] and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. network. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. [233], Montana's personal income tax contains seven brackets, with rates ranging from 1.0 to 6.9 percent. 1 bed. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. The Montana Judicial Nomination Commission develops short lists of nominees for all five Water Judges, who are then appointed by the Chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court (subject to confirmation by the Montana Senate). East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. [59] In 191718, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,[59] volunteered or were drafted into the armed forces. In the reapportionment following the 2020 census, Montana regained a House seat, increasing the state's number of representatives in the House to two after a thirty-year break, starting from 2023.[318]. They are overseen by District Court judges. In addition to cross-country trails at most of the downhill ski areas, there are also 13 private cross-country skiing resorts. The Montana Water Court was established by the Montana Water Court Act of 1979. Alaska and Hawaii have both had nuclear submarines named after them. In 1942, the US Army established Camp Rimini near Helena for the purpose of training sled dogs in winter weather. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. According to the 2000 census, 94.8% of the population aged five and older speak English at home. Complicating the wartime struggles, the 1918 influenza epidemic claimed the lives of more than 5,000 Montanans. Montanas land area is 145,545 square miles. [27] In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of bison herds to deprive Native people of their source of food. [255], A variety of sports are offered at Montana high schools. Impact. The extraordinary discoveries and reports from these expeditions led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. Montana is one of only two contiguous states (along with Colorado) that are antipodal to land. Before the creation of Montana Territory (18641889), areas within present-day Montana were part of the Oregon Territory (18481859), Washington Territory (18531863), Idaho Territory (18631864), and Dakota Territory (18611864). Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. The legislature increased the number of justices to five in 1919. [109] Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. The deadline for a legislator to introduce an appropriations, revenue, or referendum bill is the 62nd legislative day. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. For Sale. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. He gave some speeches with inflammatory antiwar rhetoric. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. Extensive new constitutional rights for victims of crime were approved in 2016. [239] Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. The Clark Fork of the Columbia (not to be confused with the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River) rises near Butte[123] and flows northwest to Missoula, where it is joined by the Blackfoot River and Bitterroot River. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. [85], The divide's northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. Eastern Montana . Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT The watersheds divide at Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. Is Montana a good place to live? The Yellowstone River rises on the Continental Divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. This represented a manpower contribution to the war that was 25% higher than any other state on a per capita basis. [130] From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir. The constitution of 1889 provided for the election of no fewer than three Supreme Court justices, and one chief justice. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. They are not term-limited. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [12], Various indigenous peoples have lived in the territory of the present-day state of Montana for thousands of years. Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000km2) of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation administers approximately 300,000 acres (1,200km2) of land and water surface in the state. The organization is an outreach endeavor that is part of the College of Arts & Architecture at Montana State University, Bozeman. The executive branch is headed by an elected governor. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan are to the north, making it the only state to border three Canadian provinces. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County [278], Montana also has millions of acres open to cross-country skiing on nine of its national forests and in Glacier National Park. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. [167][170], Loma is the site of the most extreme recorded temperature change in a 24-hour period in the United States. (The Public Service Commission's jurisdiction is statewide.). The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all Native survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations. [210] Each Indian reservation in the state has a fully accredited tribal college. Sidney Edgerton served as the first territorial governor. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large valleys. 624 sqft. Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. Montana has no sales tax, and household goods are exempt from property taxes. Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. [65] In Butte, a multiethnic community with a significant European immigrant population, labor unions, particularly the newly formed Metal Mine Workers' Union, opposed the war on grounds it mostly profited large lumber and mining interests. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.[91]. [110] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. [191], According to the 2020 census, 88.9% of the population was White (87.8% non-Hispanic White), 6.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.1% Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.9% Asian, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 2.8% from two or more races. [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. [90] There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. [190], On January 3, 2012, the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) at the Montana Department of Commerce estimated Montana had hit the one million population mark sometime between November and December 2011. [142] It then flows northeasterly[142] across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. [152], The Northern Divide turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak, causing the Waterton, Belly, and Saint Mary Rivers to flow north into Alberta. In 1941, as she had in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. U.S. Attorney Burton K. Wheeler and several district court judges who hesitated to prosecute or convict people brought up on charges were strongly criticized. [206], About 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. [286], Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital but does have Trauma II hospitals in Missoula, Billings, and Great Falls. A 12th nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls; it is recognized by the state of Montana, but not by the U.S. government. From statehood in 1889 until 1913, Montana was represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single representative, elected at-large. The Montana Supreme Court struck down the nonpartisan law in 1911 on technical grounds, but a new law was enacted in 1935 which barred political parties from endorsing, making contributions to, or making expenditures on behalf of or against judicial candidates. [232], Tourism is also important to the economy, with more than ten million visitors a year to Glacier National Park, Flathead Lake, the Missouri River headwaters, the site of the Battle of Little Bighorn, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park. However, the 1889 Montana constitution significantly restricted the power of state government, the legislature was much more powerful than the executive branch, and the jurisdiction of the District Courts very specifically described. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. [291] [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. The amount of property tax owed is not determined solely by the property's value. Beginning in 1909, these elections became nonpartisan. [295][296], During the age of the Copper Kings, each Montana copper company had its own newspaper. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. The Montana Legislature is bicameral and consists of the 50-member Montana Senate and the 100-member Montana House of Representatives. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. The Democratic Party's strength in the state is gained from support among unionized miners and railroad workers, while farmers generally vote Republican. Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. There is a spring hunting season for black bear and limited hunting of bison that leave Yellowstone National Park has been allowed. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers 16,800,000 acres (68,000km2) of forest land in ten National Forests. It is the second-largest House district by area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district. Between many mountain ranges are several rich river valleys. [36] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. Other rich placer deposits were found at Last Chance Gulch, where the city of Helena now stands, Confederate Gulch, Silver Bow, Emigrant Gulch, and Cooke City. Massive debt was one. The council also passed rules limiting public gatherings and prohibiting the speaking of German in public. Classes were taught by Mr. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. [231] Significant industries exist for lumber and mineral extraction; the state's resources include gold, coal, silver, talc, and vermiculite. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. [8], The name Montana comes from the Spanish word montaa, which in turn comes from the Latin word montanea, meaning "mountain" or more broadly "mountainous country. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. 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